{"id":255,"date":"2016-06-30T00:00:00","date_gmt":"2016-06-30T00:00:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/theresearchpapers.org\/euthanasia-as-a-dutch-neoliberal-success-story-23c0a1e13940\/"},"modified":"2021-08-05T16:50:29","modified_gmt":"2021-08-05T14:50:29","slug":"euthanasia-as-a-dutch-neoliberal-success-story-23c0a1e13940","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/theresearchpapers.org\/archive\/euthanasia-as-a-dutch-neoliberal-success-story-23c0a1e13940\/","title":{"rendered":"Euthanasia as a Dutch neoliberal success\u00a0story"},"content":{"rendered":"

Euthanasia as a Dutch neoliberal success story<\/strong><\/h3>\n

I\u2019ve seen things you people wouldn\u2019t believe. Attack ships on fire off the shoulder of Orion. I watched C-beams glitter in the dark near the Tannh\u00e4user Gate. All those moments will be lost in time, like tears\u2026in\u2026rain. Time to die.\u200a\u2014\u200aRoy Batty, Blade Runner<\/em><\/p>\n

In Blade Runner, the Tyrell Corporation created its replicants with a built in expiration date, a post human planned obsolescence where the replicants had a pre-set life expectancy. Dutch actor Rutger Hauer, who improvised the monologue <\/a>for one of the most moving death scenes in film history, knows his life is completed, utters the words \u201cTime to die<\/em>\u201d and quietly expires. At the time, the film was quite reviled by critics. It had a short run in theaters and its dystopian plot confused most viewers. Thirty four years later, Blade Runner is generally considered a cult classic and one of the best sci-fi films ever made. Roy Batty\u2019s death scene is one of the most quoted and revered in pop culture history. It was through the eyes of a dying replicant, an artificial entity\u2019s \u201ccompleted life\u201d that we shed tears for our own ephemeral humanity: we, too, have seen things; we, too, have unachieved dreams and a will to thrive.<\/p>\n

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<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n

A completed life in The Netherlands<\/strong><\/h4>\n

In 2014, the phrase \u201ccompleted life\u201d was introduced to the Dutch mainstream through quite extensive reports and subsequent discussions. The phrase was used in relation to a healthy 63 year old man who was euthanized the year before due to \u201cfear of pension<\/a>\u201d. These, \u201cfear of pension<\/em>\u201d, were the words used by the psychiatrist who approved the procedure for the man. When describing his patient\u2019s state of mind, the psychiatrist said \u201cPeople told him it was a shame he had to go. Is this really necessary was also something I heard people saying. They thought he had a good job. But he was so close to retirement. Many people knew how lonely he was and that he spent all his time working.<\/em>\u201d The man had never been on holidays. He had never built a life outside his work. Now, with retirement upon him, his life was \u201ccompleted\u201d.<\/p>\n

Around the time of this man\u2019s death, the ruling Party of The Netherlands, the right wing People\u2019s Party for Freedom and Democracy, initiated a study on the feasibility of adjusting the current euthanasia law to include aging or elderly patients with no physical or psychiatric symptoms who simply wished to die due to considerations that their lives were \u201ccompleted\u201d. The study, \u201cCompleted Life. About assisted suicide for people who deem their lives completed<\/a>\u201d was released earlier this year. It included input from ethicists, academics from the medical establishment and interest groups.<\/p>\n

The report offered a series of conclusions and recommendations, the most important one being that they did not see the need to change the current law which already contemplates \u201ccomplains and illnesses related to old age<\/em>\u201d as reasons to opt for assisted suicide. This conclusion, however, did not deter the proponents of \u201ccompleted life\u201d as an ethical framework from bringing the discussion to mainstream media. They continue to argue that, after a certain age, when a person no longer leads a productive life, they can see themselves as having done their share for society and might wish to opt for euthanasia. \u201cTime to die\u201d, indeed.<\/p>\n

Fear of the mentally ill<\/strong><\/h4>\n

In 2015 media reported widely on the statement from the parents of a 25 year old woman who chose euthanasia. She was a comedian who had gotten national attention when she auditioned (and got through the semi finals) at the TV show \u201cHolland Got Talent\u201d. She suffered from psychiatric as well as physical problems. Her family released a message upon her death which media amplified accordingly, always stressing on how this was \u201cher freedom day<\/a>\u201d.<\/p>\n

In May of this year, international media reported<\/a> with a sense of horror on the case of a 26 year old sex abuse victim who was euthanized because she found her life unbearable. Her case was exemplary of the widespread belief that victims of sexual abuse are \u201cbroken beyond repair\u201d; people whose lives are unlivable to the point that death might be a better option than enduring the ongoing trauma.<\/p>\n

In Dutch media, with some notable exceptions, these cases of psychiatric patients, which have been on a steady rise in the past couple of years, are presented under a very positive light. Almost always there are statements from the family about how relieved they are, how \u201chappy\u201d the patient was to finally be able to end their lives and how it was a \u201csad but positive\u201d moment for all involved. Every couple of months, there is a new documentary or article about a family member telling the story of their loved one who chose assisted suicide for psychiatric reasons. Always stressing how important it was for their family member to make such choice.<\/p>\n

Absent from these reports and discussions are the roles of the State and the community in the care of the infirm, the elderly or those with severe disabilities. Notably absent as well are discussions about the responsibilities of mental health institutions providing treatment, care and solutions for patients. We simply hear \u201cwe did everything but the patient did not get better\u201d or \u201cthe patient made a choice\u201d.<\/p>\n

The success story of the \u201csoft death\u201d<\/strong><\/h4>\n
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<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n

\u201cA soft or gentle death\u201d is an euphemism commonly used to refer to euthanasia in the Dutch language. \u201cSoft\u201d because the patient avoids the violence inherent in the suffering from ongoing physical or psychiatric torments and because this \u201csoft death\u201d is foreseen, expected rather than in an uncertain future. In this rhetoric, \u201ca soft death\u201d is presented as a success story, the result of a carefully planned procedure that might even include drinking champagne<\/a> prior to being administered the lethal drugs. The softness and gentleness evoke a sense of innocence, a pastel colored narrative of reassured family members who are ready to let go of their loved ones, to mercifully relieve them of their pain.<\/p>\n

There are a few words in the Dutch language that cannot be accurately translated into English. The impossibility stems from the fact that these words denote some cultural belief or quality that doesn\u2019t necessarily exist, in its exact incarnation, in other languages. One such word is \u201cgidsland<\/a>\u201d. A literal translation, \u201cguiding country\u201d would be quite nonsensical since such a concept does not exist in English. Yet, this is a word that describes a deeply held belief in The Netherlands: the country seen as a \u201cguiding force\u201d, leading by example, setting the path to push the boundaries of what later on becomes acceptable across the Western world (and eventually everywhere else). When Dutch political analysts refer to The Netherlands as a \u201cguiding country\u201d, they use the examples of same sex marriage, attitudes towards soft drugs and euthanasia. This, they believe, is what defines the culture.<\/p>\n

It is in this context of seeing itself at the forefront of what is acceptable, that The Netherlands insists on narratives of the \u201csoft death\u201d as the ultimate success story in self determination. The suffering patient, an individual in full use of his or her faculties, drinks champagne for one last time and predetermines his or her own \u201ctime to die\u201d. Both Dutch media and government officials insist on these success stories, always completely removed from the bigger sociopolitical context. The patient as an island.<\/p>\n

Individual choice in the age of collective loss<\/strong><\/h4>\n

In February 2013, the same year a healthy 63 year old man terminated his life on the brink of retirement, all pension funds in The Netherlands issued a joint announcement<\/a>: for the first time in their history, pensions would be reduced up to 7%. Suddenly, \u201cfear of pension\u201d meant the elderly could find themselves unable to make ends meet.<\/p>\n

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<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n

Since 2010, almost all elderly homes and assisted living facilities have been closed down in The Netherlands. The elderly, facing further budget cuts that have removed almost all alternatives of home care, are left to fend for themselves with the help of family or neighbors. Community centers and recreation facilities where the elderly used to build a social life have been defunded. Aging migrants who moved to The Netherlands as adults, even after 30+ years of work, are not entitled to full pension benefits and, in some cases, are unable to afford<\/a> even basic 2 euro meals offered by NGOs. Elderly people from the colonial territories in the Caribbean, classified as \u201cforeign\u201d under Dutch pension law find themselves in a colonial limbo, unable to access the full set of pension benefits afforded to native Dutch. Migrants from Morocco or Turkey, who moved here during the post war reconstruction efforts are denied the full scope of their pension if they choose to move back to their countries of origin.<\/p>\n

Mental health care, like all healthcare, fully privatized in The Netherlands, has been reduced to the most basic infrastructure, imbued with a laissez faire<\/em> mentality where nobody is held accountable for the care and well being of patients who sometimes suffer for years with little in the form of solutions or treatments. Access to mental health care is heavily restricted with family doctors discouraging or directly refusing referrals for therapists. The waiting lists for psychiatric care are measured in months<\/a> and that is for the lucky few who are referred to a specialist to begin with even though the suicide rates are at an all time high<\/a> and suicide is the number one cause of death for people between the ages of 20 and 40.<\/p>\n

For those that suffer from chronic conditions, pain management is scarce and frowned upon by healthcare professionals under the widespread belief that \u201cpain makes one stronger\u201d. Due to a mixture of for profit insurance corporations and Calvinist belief in predestination for suffering, medications are scarcely offered, rarely followed up with therapy and complains are mostly shrugged off with recommendations to \u201cspend more time outside\u201d or \u201cfind a nice hobby\u201d.<\/p>\n

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<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n

The current right leaning coalition government is engaged in an ongoing campaign to make the care of the elderly, the sick and people with disabilities the duty of their families and, for those without family, their neighbors. They use words like \u201cown responsibility\u201d and \u201cneighbor assistance\u201d while they steadily remove all State provided care through systematic austerity measures that are increased every year. Recently, a document by the Finance Ministry was leaked to the press<\/a>. In this document, Ministry officials made a list of possible further cuts for the next government which would represent savings of 50 billion Euros from the budget. The list was distributed as a confidential document to officials of all major political parties in view of next year\u2019s general elections. It further recommended that all political parties start analyzing on which areas they would be willing to compromise.<\/p>\n

It is in this context of never ending austerity that euthanasia is presented as the ultimate individual success story. A matter of personal choice where the State has eschewed all sense of obligation towards aging or chronically ill persons and where the ruling Party, with ongoing support from opposition neoliberal Parties such as D66, pushes narratives of \u201ccompleted lives\u201d. The underlying message, one where a life outside the capitalist system of production, a life that requires care (and a budget allocation) is a life that has outgrown its usefulness. The \u201csoft death\u201d, in its pastel colored rhetoric, presented as the lesser form of suffering, the individual triumph over the inevitable. However when all options of care and support are removed, is there really any choice left? When the State insists that the care for those in need should be left in the hands of unpaid neighbors and strangers, the \u201csoft death\u201d for a \u201ccompleted life\u201d is obliquely presented as the best viable alternative. The supposedly non violent \u201csoft death\u201d as a mask for the violence brought upon by endless budget cuts.<\/p>\n

\"\"
<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n

In 2012, speaking at a public interview<\/a> celebrating the 30th anniversary of the release of Blade Runner, Rutger Hauer said that when he improvised Roy Batty\u2019s death monologue he felt he had seen the future, even though he couldn\u2019t quite put into words what he had seen. Perhaps the future was a capitalist dystopia where humans who have outgrown their production cycle face their \u201ccompleted lives\u201d.<\/p>\n

\"\"
<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n

I am an independent writer with no affiliations. If you find value in the type of work I do, <\/em>please consider making a donation<\/em><\/a>. You can also <\/em>support my work on Patreon<\/em><\/a>. Any funds, no matter how small will allow me to continue this ongoing research and analysis. <\/em>Follow me on Twitter<\/em><\/a> for daily updates.<\/em><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Euthanasia as a Dutch neoliberal success story I\u2019ve seen things you people wouldn\u2019t believe. Attack ships on fire off the shoulder of Orion. I watched C-beams glitter in the dark near the Tannh\u00e4user Gate. All those moments will be lost in time, like tears\u2026in\u2026rain. Time to die.\u200a\u2014\u200aRoy Batty, Blade Runner In Blade Runner, the Tyrell Corporation …<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"loftocean_post_format_gallery":"","loftocean_post_format_gallery_ids":"","loftocean_post_format_gallery_urls":"","loftocean_post_format_video_id":0,"loftocean_post_format_video_url":"","loftocean_post_format_video_type":"","loftocean_post_format_video":"","loftocean_post_format_audio_type":"","loftocean_post_format_audio_url":"","loftocean_post_format_audio_id":0,"loftocean_post_format_audio":"","loftocean-featured-post":"","loftocean-like-count":0,"loftocean-view-count":1123,"loftocean_coauthors":"","alpaca_post_content_reading_setting":"","alpaca_reading_speed_per_minute":0,"alpaca_reading_speed_unit":"","alpaca_single_post_template_layout":"","footnotes":""},"categories":[1],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-255","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-uncategorized"],"yoast_head":"\nEuthanasia as a Dutch neoliberal success\u00a0story - The Research Papers<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/theresearchpapers.org\/archive\/euthanasia-as-a-dutch-neoliberal-success-story-23c0a1e13940\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Euthanasia as a Dutch neoliberal success\u00a0story - The Research Papers\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Euthanasia as a Dutch neoliberal success story I\u2019ve seen things you people wouldn\u2019t believe. 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